1.
Dialect
2.
Sociolect
3.
Idiolect
4.
Accent
5.
Slang
6.
Jargon
7.
Register
1. Dialect
It is a form of a language
spoken in a particular geographical area or by members of a particular social
class or occupational group, distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and
pronunciation.
2. Sociolect
Sociolect or Social Dialect is
a variety of a language that is used by a particular social group.
3. Idiolect
It is the speech of an
individual, considered as a linguistic pattern unique among speakers of his or
her language or dialect.
4. Accent
Accent is a distinctive way of
pronouncing a language, especially one associated with a particular country,
area, or social class.
5. Slang
Slang is type of language
consisting of words and phrases that are regarded as very informal, are more
common in speech than writing, and are typically restricted to a particular
context or group of people.
6. Jargon
Jargons are special words or
expressions used by a profession or group that are difficult for others to
understand.
7. Register
It is my concerned topic of
presentation so it would be better to look at its origin and background.
History and Origin
The term register was first
used by the linguist Thomas Bertram Reid in 1956, and brought into general
currency in the 1960s by a group of linguists who wanted to distinguish among
variations in language according to the user and variations according to use.
Halliday in 1964 and 1976 interpreted the term. And now it could be seen almost
in every book, lecture and notes of the Linguistics when it comes to discuss
the language variations.
Definition
A register is a variety of a
language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting.
Halliday’s Model of Context
Halliday’s in his “Model of
Context” explains that there are following three strands that are crucial to
study the register.
1.
Field
2.
Tenor
3. Mode
1. Field
Field is “what is being talked
about” or “What the text is about”. We can say it is the main theme or topic of
the whole discourse. Field could be named according to its subject matter i.e.
Science, Education, Literature or more specifically. When we want to analyze
the text for its field we have to explore the lexical items. These lexical
items will help us to tag a field to that text. Following two questions should
be kept in mind when doing the analysis of the text for tagging a field to the
text.
Q1. Which discipline do the
lexical words refer to?
Q2. How well known are the
lexical words to a general audience and to a specialized audience?
2. Tenor
Tenor is the term used for the
people involved in the communication and relationship between them. It is easy
to analyze tenor in spoken discourse than written. Because in spoken discourse
all participants are present and participating but in written discourse writer
and participants, both, are anonymous. Following three variables are considered
to study when analyzing tenor.
1. Power Relations
a.
Equal
b. Unequal
2. Formality
a.
Formal
b. Informal
3. Closeness
a.
Distant
b. Close
4. Mode
Mode is the role of the
language. It is the part that language plays in discourse. To pin point the
mode, it is studied that “how the text is organized”. Text organization leads
to know the mode of the discourse.
Mode could be written and
spoken. These categories could further be divided into sub categories. Spoken
discourse could be spontaneous and non-spontaneous. Written discourse could be
written to be read aloud like speeches, to be sung and to be normal read i.e.
News papers, magazines etc.
Mode of the
language plays a crucial role to get the desire outcomes. Mode is chosen very
carefully by the speaker/writer to achieve the impact of his/her concern.
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